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Structure, Regulation, and Significance of Cyanobacterial and Chloroplast Adenosine Triphosphate Synthase in the Adaptability of Oxygenic Photosynthetic Organisms

Authors :
Siyan Yi
Xin Guo
Wenjing Lou
Shaoming Mao
Guodong Luan
Xuefeng Lu
Source :
Microorganisms, Vol 12, Iss 5, p 940 (2024)
Publication Year :
2024
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2024.

Abstract

In cyanobacteria and chloroplasts (in algae and plants), ATP synthase plays a pivotal role as a photosynthetic membrane complex responsible for producing ATP from adenosine diphosphate and inorganic phosphate, utilizing a proton motive force gradient induced by photosynthesis. These two ATP synthases exhibit similarities in gene organization, amino acid sequences of subunits, structure, and functional mechanisms, suggesting that cyanobacterial ATP synthase is probably the evolutionary precursor to chloroplast ATP synthase. In this review, we explore the precise synthesis and assembly of ATP synthase subunits to address the uneven stoichiometry within the complex during transcription, translation, and assembly processes. We also compare the regulatory strategies governing ATP synthase activity to meet varying energy demands in cyanobacteria and chloroplasts amid fluctuating natural environments. Furthermore, we delve into the role of ATP synthase in stress tolerance and photosynthetic carbon fixation efficiency in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms (OPsOs), along with the current researches on modifying ATP synthase to enhance carbon fixation efficiency under stress conditions. This review aims to offer theoretical insights and serve as a reference for understanding the functional mechanisms of ATP synthase, sparking innovative ideas for enhancing photosynthetic carbon fixation efficiency by utilizing ATP synthase as an effective module in OPsOs.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20762607
Volume :
12
Issue :
5
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Microorganisms
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.42f27eeda2a943598393e3d9870dd84c
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12050940