Association of rs2282679 polymorphism in vitamin D binding protein gene (GC) with the risk of vitamin D deficiency in an iranian population: season-specific vitamin D status

Abstract Background Genome-wide association studies in Western countries indicate a considerable impact of variations in vitamin D binding protein (GC) genes on serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). We aimed to investigate an association between rs2282679 polymorphism in GC and vitamin D deficiency. Methods A cross-sectional study conducted in the framework of the Tehran Cardio-Metabolic Genetic Study (TCGS) cohort. A total of 1568 participants aged > 18 years were randomly selected, and their 25(OH) D concentration was measured. Vitamin D deficiency was assessed concerning rs2282679 by descriptive and multivariate analysis, odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) calculated. Since the interaction term between rs2282679 and recruitment season was significant, we performed regression analysis separately for individuals whose blood was taken in high sunny and those whose blood was drawn in the low sunny season. Results The rs2282679 polymorphism was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05) in the studied population. The serum concentration of 25(OH) D median was 15.0 ng/mL, and the prevalence of VDD was 27.8%. The presence of the G allele in rs2282679 increases the risk of VDD in additive (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.06–1.73) and dominant (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.06–1.68) genetic models. After separating participants based on the recruitment season, the unfavorable association was observed in the additive and dominant only in the low sunny season. Conclusion The finding of the current study indicates that the GC rs2282679 SNP is associated with vitamin D deficiency. It seems that the impact of risk allele increased in the low sunny season when UV exposure has been declined.