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Green and Sustainable Treatment of Urine Wastewater with a Membrane-Aerated Biofilm Reactor for Space Applications
- Source :
- Water, Vol 14, Iss 22, p 3704 (2022)
- Publication Year :
- 2022
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2022.
-
Abstract
- Sustainability has been a concern of survival for future long-term manned space missions. Therefore, the wastewater generated by the crew members, containing urine and hygiene wastewater, should be treated with appropriate biological processes to promote recycling efficiency. In this study, we developed a membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) that could achieve up to 96% total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency and up to 82% denitrification efficiency for an influent with 370ā390 mg/L TOC and 500ā600 mg/L total nitrogen (TN) without additional carbon source or sludge discharge. The nitrogen removal rate was about 100 mg N Lā1 dā1. Metagenomic analysis indicated the presence of a variety of nitrifying, denitrifying, and anammox bacteria in the microbial community and existence of functional genes in nitrification, denitrification, and anammox pathways.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20734441
- Volume :
- 14
- Issue :
- 22
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- Water
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.415f64b99a804d3eb5e77d015b6186fc
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/w14223704