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Genetic and Genomic Pathways to Improved Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Yields: A Review

Authors :
Zaid Chachar
Lina Fan
Sadaruddin Chachar
Nazir Ahmed
Mehar-un-Nisa Narejo
Naseer Ahmed
Ruiqiang Lai
Yongwen Qi
Source :
Agronomy, Vol 14, Iss 6, p 1201 (2024)
Publication Year :
2024
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2024.

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a fundamental crop essential for both human and animal consumption. Addressing the challenge of enhancing wheat yield involves sophisticated applications of molecular genetics and genomic techniques. This review synthesizes current research identifying and characterizing pivotal genes that impact traits such as grain size, number, and weight, critical factors influencing overall yield. Key genes including TaSPL17, ABP7, TaGNI, TaCKX6, TaGS5, TaDA1, WAPO1, TaRht1, TaTGW-7A, TaGW2, TaGS5-3A, TaSus2-2A, TaSus2-2B, TaSus1-7A, and TaSus1-7B are examined for their roles in these traits. The review also explores genes responsive to environmental changes, which are increasingly significant under current climate variability. Multi-trait regulatory genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that contribute to these traits are discussed, highlighting their dual influences on grain size and yield. Furthermore, the paper underscores the utility of emerging technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9, Case13, and multi-omics approaches. These innovations are instrumental for future discoveries and are poised to revolutionize wheat breeding by enabling precise genetic enhancements. Facing unprecedented challenges from climate change, the identification and utilization of these candidates is crucial. This review aims to be a comprehensive resource for researchers, providing an integrative understanding of complex traits in wheat and proposing new avenues for research and crop improvement strategies.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
14061201 and 20734395
Volume :
14
Issue :
6
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Agronomy
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.40ee9f36525b47fbb6b51b9b8118f1a0
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14061201