Long-term survival in Japanese renal transplant recipients with Alport syndrome: a retrospective study

Abstract Background Patients with Alport syndrome (AS) develop progressive kidney dysfunction due to a hereditary type IV collagen deficiency. Survival of the kidney allograft in patients with AS is reportedly excellent because AS does not recur. However, several studies have implied that the type IV collagen in the GBM originates from podocytes recruited from the recipient’s bone marrow-derived cells, suggesting the possibility of AS recurrence. Limited data are available regarding AS recurrence and graft survival in the Japanese population; the vast majority were obtained from living related kidney transplantation (LRKTx). Methods In this retrospective study, twenty-one patients with AS were compared with 41 matched patients without AS from 1984 to 2015 at two centers using propensity scores. Nineteen of the 21 patients with AS underwent LRKTx. The mean post-transplant follow-up period was 83 months in the AS group and 110 months in the control group. Histopathological AS recurrence was assessed by immunoreactivity of α5 (type IV collagen) antibody and electron microscopy. Results The graft survival rate was equivalent between patients with and without AS (86.7% vs. 77.1% and 69.3% vs. 64.2% at 5 and 10 years; p = 0.16, log-rank test). Immunoreactivity to α5 antibody showed strong linear positivity with no focal defect in six patients. Electron microscopy showed no GBM abnormalities in two patients who were exhibiting long-term kidney allograft survival. Conclusions We confirmed that α5 and the GBM structure were histopathologically maintained in the long term after kidney transplantation. The patient and graft survival rates were equivalent between Japanese patients with and without AS.