Ureteroscopy during pregnancy under local anesthesia and light sedation: Technique and video

Abstract. Ureteroscopy during pregnancy has become increasingly recognized as a safe intervention. Performing it under local anesthesia and light sedation reduces the risks associated with general or regional anesthesia, such as difficult airway scenarios, hypothermia, and hypotension. In addition, this approach reduces the total amount of fetal exposure to medications and anesthetic agents. Performing ureteroscopy in this manner requires a number of adjustments and modifications to the standard technique. This article provides a summary in a step-by-step format, as well as an accompanying video demonstration.