Pareto Front Analysis of a Multiobjective MPC-Based EMS for a Series Hybrid Electric Tractor

This paper presents a multi-objective model predictive control-based energy management system. The proposed scheme design aims to perform the power sharing among available sources, minimizing the diesel engine fuel consumption, and regulating the battery state-of-charge, while considering power source constraints. The proposed MPC-based EMS is designed as a high-level controller whose control actions are the references for the low-level controllers for the diesel generator set. A Pareto front analysis is appealed to get a better understanding of the conflicts between the MPC’s objectives. The MPC scheme is designed following a weighting sum scalarization, where Pareto front analysis is crucial for the tuning of the MPC weights, resulting in the proposal of a weight schedule to achieve the desired trade-off performance. Moreover, six typical agricultural working cycles have been considered, where, as expected, a characteristic Pareto front is obtained for each cycle power profile.