Oral uracil–tegafur compared with intravenous chemotherapy as adjuvant therapy for resected early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer patients

Abstract Background Studies comparing the effectiveness of either adjuvant oral uracil‐tegafur (UFT) or intravenous chemotherapy on early‐stage (stage I and II) non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with complete surgical treatment remain limited. Methods From January 2011 to December 2017, patients with early‐stage NSCLC (defined as tumor size >3 cm without mediastinal lymph node involvement or any distant metastasis) receiving either adjuvant oral UFT or intravenous chemotherapy after surgical resection were identified from the Taiwan Cancer Registry. Overall survival (OS) and relapse‐free survival (RFS) were the primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. Propensity matching was used for controlling confounders. Results A total of 840 patients receiving adjuvant therapy after surgery (including 595 oral UFT and 245 intravenous chemotherapy) were enrolled. Before matching, patients using oral UFT had significantly longer OS (HR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.49–0.98, p = 0.0387) and RFS (HR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.61–0.97, p = 0.0392) than those with intravenous chemotherapy. A matched cohort of 352 patients was created using 1:1 propensity score‐matching. In the Cox regression analysis, the UFT and the matched chemotherapy groups had similar OS (HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.48–1.32, p = 0.3753) and RFS (HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.72–1.34, p = 0.9149). Among subgroup analysis, oral UFT use was associated with longer RFS among the subgroups of non‐drinker (HR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.34–0.99, p = 0.0478) and patients with stage IB disease (HR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.42–0.97, p = 0.0341). Conclusions This population‐based study in the real‐world setting of Taiwan demonstrates comparable effectiveness between oral UFT and intravenous chemotherapy in terms of clinical outcomes for early‐stage NSCLC patients after surgery.