The geomorphological role of snow since the Little Ice Age in the Sierra de Ancares (NW Spain)

On the Pico Cuiña cirque, Sierra de Ancares (León, Spain), the seasonal snow cover undergoes both slow and rapid mass displacements. Push associated with moving snow is responsible for an intense geomorphological activity, which is characterised by the plucking and transport of fragments of the bedrock, the abrasion of rock surfaces and the deposition of the mobilized material. Pronival ramparts are the most characteristic accumulation geoform created by pushing snow. Its study enabled us to verify the functionality of the nival processes and to prove the relative antiquity of some of them. The use of lichenometric techniques, based on the prior construction of a growth curve for lichens of the Rhizocarpon subgenus, has made possible to date sectors of the pronival ramparts. Lichenometric dates show a series of events of geomorphic activity of the snow cover fitting chronologically within the so-called Little Ice Age. It can be deduced from the observation of the current geomorphic dynamics of the snow cover that, although Little Ice Age temperature decrease might be important, particularly in the summer, the role of the variations in snow precipitation must be also taken into consideration.