Carbon-oriented optimal operation strategy for distribution network with multiple integrated energy microgrids based on double-layer game

The integrated energy microgrid (IEM) plays a crucial role in supporting energy structural transformation and achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. However, IEM clusters, which comprise various forms of IEMs, often share connections with the same distribution network operator (DNO), leading to competitive tensions both within the cluster and between the cluster and the DNO. To mitigate these conflicts and promote low-carbon, cost-effective operations, this study introduces a double-layer game model. This model aims to minimize operational costs and maximize carbon emission reductions. The external layer applies the Stackelberg game with the DNO as the leader and the IEM cluster as the follower. The internal layer employs cooperative game theory to model interactions among multiple IEMs. Optimal electricity trading and pricing for each entity are determined using a combination of the bisection method and the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Additionally, a carbon trading mechanism is integrated into the model to balance economic and environmental objectives. The results indicate that the proposed double-layer game model facilitates a mutually beneficial scenario for both the DNO and the IEMs in terms of low carbon emissions and economic efficiency. This model provides a practical framework for effectively managing and coordinating interactions among multiple IEMs, thereby ensuring simultaneous economic and environmental advantages.