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Development of a High-Throughput Low-Cost Approach for Fabricating Fully Drawn Paper-Based Analytical Devices Using Commercial Writing Tools

Authors :
Varvara Pagkali
Eleftheria Stavra
Dionysios Soulis
Anastasios Economou
Source :
Chemosensors, Vol 9, Iss 7, p 178 (2021)
Publication Year :
2021
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2021.

Abstract

This work reports the development and optimization of a rapid and low-cost pen-on-paper plotting approach for the fabrication of paper-based analytical devices (PADs) using commercial writing stationery. The desired fluidic patterns were drawn on the paper substrate with commercial marker pens using an inexpensive computer-controlled x–y plotter. For the fabrication of electrochemical PADs, electrodes were further deposited on the devices using a second x–y plotting step with commercial writing pencils. The effect of the fabrication parameters (type of paper, type of marker pen, type of pencil, plotting speed, number of passes, single- vs. double-sided plotting), the chemical resistance of the plotted devices to different solvents and the structural rigidity to multiple loading cycles were assessed. The analytical utility of these devices is demonstrated through application in optical sensing of total phenols using reflectance calorimetry and in electrochemical sensing of paracetamol and ascorbic acid. The proposed manufacturing approach is simple, low cost, flexible, rapid and fit-for-purpose and enables the fabrication of sub-“one-dollar” PADs with satisfactory mechanical and chemical resistance and good analytical performance.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
22279040
Volume :
9
Issue :
7
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Chemosensors
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.3b17e2682b1544bea98c22e5ead3ca5f
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9070178