Research progress of carbon dioxide capture technology based on enzymatic reaction

At present, coal-fired power plants are still the main source of carbon dioxide (CO_2) emissions in China. The development and transformation of CO_2 capture technologies for coal-fired powerplants is an urgent problem to be solved. Using carbonic anhydrase (CA) can improve CO_2 absorption efficiency and effectively solve the problem of energy consumption in traditional carbon capture technol⁃ogy, which has attracted increasing attention in CO_2 capture research. Although CA enzyme has the advantages of high catalytic efficiency and environmental friendliness, the poor stability and reusability ofthe free form enzyme make it not be widely used in the actual industrial carbon capture technology. Therefore, it is necessary to select suitable carriers and immobilization methods to prepare stable immobilized CA enzyme. This paper introduces the mechanism of CA enzyme as a biocatalyst to enhance CO_2 absorption and the carbon capture technology based on enzymatic reaction, and summarizes the immobilization methods of CA enzyme (adsorption, covalent bonding, cross-linking and encapsulation) and the latest research progress in its application to CO_2 capture. Finally, the future development direction of the carbon capture technology based on enzymatic reaction is proposed. It focuses on: (1)developing engineering CA enzyme with high activity and stability; (2) constructing high-performance and cheap biomimetic catalyst with simulating the structure of CA enzyme; (3) developing more economical and efficient carrier materials and processes for immobilization of CA enzyme; (4) further evaluating the application and cost-effectiveness of immobilized CA enzyme in the actual carbon capture process.