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Environmental drivers of beluga whale distribution in a changing climate: a case study of summering aggregations in the Mackenzie Estuary and Tarium Niryutait Marine Protected Area

Authors :
Aurélie Noel
John Iacozza
Emmanuel Devred
Marianne Marcoux
Claire Hornby
Lisa L. Loseto
Source :
Arctic Science, Vol 8, Iss 4, Pp 1305-1319 (2022)
Publication Year :
2022
Publisher :
Canadian Science Publishing, 2022.

Abstract

During summer, the Eastern Beaufort Sea beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas, 1776)) population aggregates in the waters of the Mackenzie Estuary and Tarium Niryutait Marine Protected Area (TNMPA). Guided by local communities’ priorities, this study aimed to better understand beluga summer habitat selection and to examine whether shifts in beluga distribution are expected under a changing climate. We used a resource selection function (RSF) based on aerial survey data and satellite remote sensing images to estimate the likelihood of beluga presence as a function of environmental conditions. The RSF revealed that belugas selected warm and turbid waters, with suspended particulate matter concentrations and sea surface temperatures ranging above average estuarine values. These specific conditions support hypotheses on the ecological roles of estuaries for belugas such as providing a thermal advantage for their calves or for beluga epidermal moulting. Using a diachronic analysis, we found a distribution shift towards coastal and inshore waters, areas already experiencing effects of climate change. Thus, the current distribution may reflect beluga responses to a changing climate, selecting warmer and more turbid areas. Our finding provides insight into current and evolving beluga habitat and habitat selection under a changing climate, which may help inform beluga management in the TNMPA.

Details

Language :
English, French
ISSN :
23687460 and 10023100
Volume :
8
Issue :
4
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Arctic Science
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.3a10023100f943458655e1482124af3b
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2022-0003