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Lipopolysaccharide induces neuroglia activation and NF-κB activation in cerebral cortex of adult mice

Authors :
Ju-Bin Kang
Dong-Ju Park
Murad-Ali Shah
Myeong-Ok Kim
Phil-Ok Koh
Source :
Laboratory Animal Research, Vol 35, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2019)
Publication Year :
2019
Publisher :
BMC, 2019.

Abstract

Abstract Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) acts as an endotoxin, releases inflammatory cytokines, and promotes an inflammatory response in various tissues. This study investigated whether LPS modulates neuroglia activation and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated inflammatory factors in the cerebral cortex. Adult male mice were divided into control animals and LPS-treated animals. The mice received LPS (250 μg/kg) or vehicle via an intraperitoneal injection for 5 days. We confirmed a reduction of body weight in LPS-treated animals and observed severe histopathological changes in the cerebral cortex. Moreover, we elucidated increases of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress levels in LPS-treated animals. LPS administration led to increases of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression. Iba-1 and GFAP are well accepted as markers of activated microglia and astrocytes, respectively. Moreover, LPS exposure induced increases of NF-κB and pro-inflammatory factors, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Increases of these inflammatory mediators by LPS exposure indicate that LPS leads to inflammatory responses and tissue damage. These results demonstrated that LPS activates neuroglial cells and increases NF-κB-mediated inflammatory factors in the cerebral cortex. Thus, these findings suggest that LPS induces neurotoxicity by increasing oxidative stress and activating neuroglia and inflammatory factors in the cerebral cortex.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
22337660
Volume :
35
Issue :
1
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Laboratory Animal Research
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.38cb06ad4fc04d2fb1975e7e0d0e04a2
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1186/s42826-019-0018-9