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Lipopolysaccharide induces neuroglia activation and NF-κB activation in cerebral cortex of adult mice
- Source :
- Laboratory Animal Research, Vol 35, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2019)
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- BMC, 2019.
-
Abstract
- Abstract Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) acts as an endotoxin, releases inflammatory cytokines, and promotes an inflammatory response in various tissues. This study investigated whether LPS modulates neuroglia activation and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated inflammatory factors in the cerebral cortex. Adult male mice were divided into control animals and LPS-treated animals. The mice received LPS (250 μg/kg) or vehicle via an intraperitoneal injection for 5 days. We confirmed a reduction of body weight in LPS-treated animals and observed severe histopathological changes in the cerebral cortex. Moreover, we elucidated increases of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress levels in LPS-treated animals. LPS administration led to increases of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression. Iba-1 and GFAP are well accepted as markers of activated microglia and astrocytes, respectively. Moreover, LPS exposure induced increases of NF-κB and pro-inflammatory factors, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Increases of these inflammatory mediators by LPS exposure indicate that LPS leads to inflammatory responses and tissue damage. These results demonstrated that LPS activates neuroglial cells and increases NF-κB-mediated inflammatory factors in the cerebral cortex. Thus, these findings suggest that LPS induces neurotoxicity by increasing oxidative stress and activating neuroglia and inflammatory factors in the cerebral cortex.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 22337660
- Volume :
- 35
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- Laboratory Animal Research
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.38cb06ad4fc04d2fb1975e7e0d0e04a2
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s42826-019-0018-9