A case of spontaneous pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum & subcutaneous emphysema in Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia complicating HIV

Spontaneous pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema are well-known but less common complications of pneumocystis pneumonia, whereas pnuemomediastinum is rare. We had a patient known to be HIV seropositive, who developed Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. During the course of treatment, he developed spontaneous pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema. He had no predisposing factors known to cause this complication