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Titanium: An Overview of Resources and Production Methods
- Source :
- Minerals, Vol 11, Iss 12, p 1425 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- For several decades, the metallurgical industry and the research community worldwide have been challenged to develop energy-efficient and low-cost titanium production processes. The expensive and energy-consuming Kroll process produces titanium metal commercially, which is highly matured and optimized. Titanium’s strong affinity for oxygen implies that conventional Ti metal production processes are energy-intensive. Over the past several decades, research and development have been focusing on new processes to replace the Kroll process. Two fundamental groups are categorized for these methods: thermochemical and electrochemical. This literature review gives an insight into the titanium industry, including the titanium resources and processes of production. It focuses on ilmenite as a major source of titanium and some effective methods for producing titanium through extractive metallurgy processes and presents a critical view of the opportunities and challenges.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2075163X
- Volume :
- 11
- Issue :
- 12
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- Minerals
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.388dd00dbd9b474288d4027b874ea09b
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/min11121425