Synergistic Effect of Combining Animal Wastes for Bioremediation of Naphthalene, Chrysene and Pyrene in a Crude Oil Impacted Soil (An Ex-Situ Study)

Synergistic properties usually produce combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects. Hence, this paper assessed the synergistic effect of cow dung, goat droppings and poultry manure wastes for bioremediation of naphthalene, chrysene and pyrene in a crude oil-impacted soil at an experimental plot in a botanical garden, located at Abia State University, Nigeria, using appropriate standard methods. The result of the study showed about 96%, 93% and 90% removal of naphthalene, pyrene and chrysene respectively. This is in contrast with about