Corneal densitometry: an innovative method to quantitatively evaluate corneal changes after phacovitrectomy

Abstract Background To quantitatively investigate corneal changes and the correlation between corneal densitometry (CD) and endothelial parameters after phacovitrectomy. Methods Thirty-eight eyes with idiopathic full-thickness macular holes (iFTMHs) and cataracts underwent phacovitrectomy. Examinations were conducted at baseline and Day 1, Day 7, Month 1, and Month 3 postoperatively. CD and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured using Pentacam. Corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation (CV), and hexagonality (HEX) were measured using specular microscopy. Results ECD and HEX significantly decreased after surgery and the change in HEX occurred prior to CV. CCT increased immediately after surgery and recovered 3 months postoperatively. CD values increased significantly 1 day after surgery and then gradually decreased. For CD in the 0–2 mm zone, it took 1 month to recover in the central and posterior layers and 3 months in the anterior and total layers. For CD in the 2–6 mm zone, the central layer recovered at Day 7, the anterior and total layers recovered at 1 month, and the posterior layer did not recover until 3 months postoperatively. The CD within all layers in the 0–2 mm zone was positively correlated with CCT. Posterior CD in the 0–2 mm zone was negatively correlated with ECD and HEX. Conclusions CD is not only correlated with CCT, ECD, and HEX but also reflects the state of the whole cornea and each layer. CD can be an objective, rapid, and noninvasive tool that reflects corneal health and undetectable edema and monitors the process of lesion repair. Trial registration This study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (31/10/2021, ChiCTR2100052554).