Embedding FBG sensors for monitoring vital signs of the human body: Recent progress over the past decade

Fiber optic sensors based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology have the potential to revolutionize the way vital signs of the human body are measured and monitored. By leveraging their unique properties, these sensors can provide accurate and reliable data, thus enhancing the effectiveness of wearable devices. The integration of FBG sensors into different materials not only broadens their application scope but also improves user comfort and device practicality. However, some challenges remain in optimizing the embedding process to ensure sensor performance and durability. This review provides an overview of FBG technology employed for measuring vital signs of the human body reported in the past decade. The focus of the review is on the FBG embedding strategies into different materials, categorized into these three main groups (i.e., 3D printed, textiles, and polymers) and explores the implications of embedding fiber optic sensors in each category. Furthermore, it discusses the potential impact of these embedded sensors on the accuracy, comfort, and practicality of wearable devices designed for monitoring vital signs, highlighting the potential of these sensors to transform the field of health monitoring. Future research directions may include exploring new materials for embedding and refining sensor design further to improve the accuracy and comfort of these wearable devices. Ultimately, the evolution of fiber optic sensors could significantly advance the field of human vital sign monitoring, paving the way for more sophisticated and user-friendly health monitoring systems.