Medical Thoracoscopy for the Management of Exudative Pleural Effusion: A Retrospective Study

Ling Gong,1,2 Guichuan Huang,2 Yi Huang,2 Daishun Liu,2 Xiaoping Tang1 1The First Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University), Zunyi 563000, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xiaoping TangThe First Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, 601 W. Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-13501525993Email txpdoc@126.comDaishun LiuDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University), 98 Fenghuang North Road, Zunyi 563000, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail ldsdoc@126.comObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of medical thoracoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of exudative pleural effusion.Methods: A total of 82 patients with exudative pleural effusion underwent medical thoracoscopy under local anesthesia and mild sedation. The clinical characteristics, pleural fluid routine and biochemical tests, pleural biopsy, and outcomes were retrospectively evaluated.Results: Among 82 patients, the color and transparency of pleural fluid and the levels of white blood cells (WBC), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), neutrophil proportion, lymphocyte proportion, adenosine deaminase (ADA), and glucose were different among tuberculosis (TB), malignant (M), acute and chronic inflammation (ACI), and purulent (P) cases. Furthermore, 70% of M cases had a low positive rate of exfoliated cells in the sputum and pleural fluid, and more than 90% of TB cases had low positive rates of anti-tuberculosis antibodies and acid-fast bacilli in the sputum and pleural fluid. Pleural biopsy showed that 11% of cases were M, 74.4% were TB, 11% were ACI, and 3.6% were P. Medical thoracoscopy showed that 66.7% of ACI cases had pleural adhesions, 34.4% of TB cases had moderate and 34.4% of TB cases had severe pleural adhesions, 100% of M and TB cases had pleural surface nodules and 77.8% of ACI cases had pleural surface nodules, 49.2% of TB cases showed encapsulated pleural effusion, and 33.3% of M cases showed encapsulated pleural effusion.Conclusion: Medical thoracoscopy has high feasibility and accuracy in the diagnosis and treatment of exudative pleural effusion.Keywords: exudative pleural effusion, medical thoracoscopy, diagnosis, treatment