Proteomic Applications in Antimicrobial Resistance and Clinical Microbiology Studies

Ehsaneh Khodadadi,1 Elham Zeinalzadeh,2,3 Sepehr Taghizadeh,1 Bahareh Mehramouz,3 Fadhil S Kamounah,4 Ehsan Khodadadi,5 Khudaverdi Ganbarov,6 Bahman Yousefi,7 Milad Bastami,7 Hossein Samadi Kafil1 1Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 2Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 3Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 4Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK 2100, Denmark; 5Department of Biology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran; 6Department of Microbiology, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan; 7Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranCorrespondence: Hossein Samadi KafilDrug Applied Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Ave, Tabriz 5166614711, IranTel +98-9127184735Fax +98-4133364661Email Kafilhs@tbzmed.ac.irAbstract: Sequences of the genomes of all-important bacterial pathogens of man, plants, and animals have been completed. Still, it is not enough to achieve complete information of all the mechanisms controlling the biological processes of an organism. Along with all advances in different proteomics technologies, proteomics has completed our knowledge of biological processes all around the world. Proteomics is a valuable technique to explain the complement of proteins in any organism. One of the fields that has been notably benefited from other systems approaches is bacterial pathogenesis. An emerging field is to use proteomics to examine the infectious agents in terms of, among many, the response the host and pathogen to the infection process, which leads to a deeper knowledge of the mechanisms of bacterial virulence. This trend also enables us to identify quantitative measurements for proteins extracted from microorganisms. The present review study is an attempt to summarize a variety of different proteomic techniques and advances. The significant applications in bacterial pathogenesis studies are also covered. Moreover, the areas where proteomics may lead the future studies are introduced.Keywords: bacterial pathogenesis studies, drug resistance, virulence, pathogen, proteomics