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Protective Effects of Anethole in Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Seed Ethanol Extract on Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in H9C2 Heart Myoblast Cells

Authors :
Jeong Won Seo
Sarmin Ummey Habiba
Yeasmin Akter Munni
Ho Jin Choi
Asma Aktar
Kishor Mazumder
Deuk-Young Nah
In-Jun Yang
Il Soo Moon
Source :
Antioxidants, Vol 13, Iss 10, p 1161 (2024)
Publication Year :
2024
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2024.

Abstract

Background: Active compounds from plants and herbs are increasingly incorporated into modern medical systems to address cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Foeniculum vulgare Mill., commonly known as fennel, is an aromatic medicinal plant and culinary herb that is popular worldwide. Methods: Protective effects against cellular damage were assessed in the H9C2 cardiomyocyte hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) experimental model. The identities of phytochemicals in FVSE were determined by GC-MS analysis. The phytochemical’s potential for nutrients and pharmacokinetic properties was assessed by ADMET analysis. Results: GC-MS analysis of the ethanol extracts of F. vulgare identified 41 bioactive compounds, with four prominent ones: anethole, 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-propanone, ethoxydimethylphenylsilane, and para-anisaldehyde diethyl acetal. Among these, anethole stands out due to its potential for nutrients and pharmacokinetic properties assessed by ADMET analysis, such as bioavailability, lipophilicity, flexibility, and compliance with Lipinski’s Rule of Five. In the H/R injury model of H9C2 heart myoblast cells, FVSE and anethole suppressed H/R-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, DNA double-strand break damage, nuclear condensation, and the dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Conclusions: These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of FVSE and its prominent component, anethole, in the treatment of CVDs, particularly those associated with hypoxia-induced damage.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
13101161 and 20763921
Volume :
13
Issue :
10
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Antioxidants
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.32debc01d43c48669c010193ae8828cd
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101161