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Pyrolysis Kinetics of Lignin-Based Flame Retardants Containing MOFs Structure for Epoxy Resins
- Source :
- Molecules, Vol 28, Iss 6, p 2699 (2023)
- Publication Year :
- 2023
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2023.
-
Abstract
- This study describes the preparation of a lignin-based expandable flame retardant (Lignin-N-DOPO) using grafting melamine and covering 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) using the Mannich reaction. Then, through in situ growth, a metal-organic framework (MOF) HKUST-1 (e.g., Cu3(BTC)2, BTC = benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate)/lignin-based expandable flame retardant (F-lignin@HKUST-1) was created. Before that, lignin epoxy resin containing phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) components had been created by combining epoxy resin (EP) with F-lignin@HKUST-1. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to examine the thermal characteristics of epoxy resin (EP) composite. The findings indicate that the thermal stability of EP is significantly affected by the presence of F-lignin@HKUST-1. Last but not least, the activation energy (E) of EP/15% F-lignin@HKUST-1 was examined using four different techniques, including the Kissinger-SY iteration method, the Ozawa-SY iteration method, the Lee-Beck approximation-iteration method, and the Gorbatchev approximation-iteration method. It was discovered that the activation energy was significantly higher than that of lignin. Higher activation energy suggests that F-lignin@HKUST-1 pyrolysis requires more energy from the environment, which will be significant about the application of lignin-based flame retardants.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 14203049
- Volume :
- 28
- Issue :
- 6
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- Molecules
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.324f42a875ae4a0e885eb030063d7de3
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062699