Mesenchymal stem cells surpass the capacity of bone marrow aspirate concentrate for periodontal regeneration

Abstract Regenerative approaches using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been evaluated to promote the complete formation of all missing periodontal tissues, e.g., new cementum, bone, and functional periodontal ligaments. MSCs derived from bone marrow have been applied to bone and periodontal defects in several forms, including bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) and cultured and isolated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). This study aimed to evaluate the periodontal regeneration capacity of BMAC and cultured BM-MSCs in the wound healing of fenestration defects in rats. Methodology: BM-MSCs were obtained after bone marrow aspiration of the isogenic iliac crests of rats, followed by cultivation and isolation. Autogenous BMAC was collected and centrifuged immediately before surgery. In 36 rats, fenestration defects were created and treated with suspended BM-MSCs, BMAC or left to spontaneously heal (control) (N=6). Their regenerative potential was assessed by microcomputed tomography (µCT) and histomorphometry, as well as their cell phenotype and functionality by the Luminex assay at 15 and 30 postoperative days. Results: BMAC achieved higher bone volume in 30 days than spontaneous healing (p