Renda, participação e desempenho no ENEM em São Paulo: uma abordagem espacial (2012-2018)

Family income and schooling are traditional indicators for assessing students' school trajectory. The differences in efficiency between public and private education in Brazil are also relevant components of this analysis. In this context, this article analyzes the associations between family income, performance and participation in the Brazilian High School National Examination (ENEM) of students from public schools in the municipality of São Paulo, from 2012 to 2018. Data from 290,000 high school students distributed in 679 schools were analyzed. Based on the groupings analysis, it was possible to map the spatial distribution of these variables, to establish degrees of association and to verify the formation of areas with similar values. The results indicated that the average performance in ENEM, by subprefectures, was strongly associated with per capita family income and with the proportion of students who studied in technical schools.