Tin oxide-chitosan-polyethylene glycol-d-pinitol nanocomposite ameliorates cardiac ischemia in diabetic rats via activating p62/Keap1/Nrf2 signaling

Diabetes is a silent killer with increased global public health burden along with several life threatening complications. Myocardial infarction was diagnosed in 60% of diabetic patients worldwide. In this study, the synthesized nanocomposites were subjected to Ultraviolet–Visible Spectroscopic analysis, Photoluminescence Spectroscopic analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scatting (DLS) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) & energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) analysis. Further in vivo studies were performed on young male Wistar rats. Young male Wistar rats were induced diabetes with streptozotocin induced diabetes model and the diabetic rats confirmed with blood glucose were utilized for further study. The rats were grouped into control, diabetic, diabetic induced treated with 5 mg/kg of SCP-D-P nanocomposites and diabetic induced treated with 10 mg/kg of SCP-D-P nanocomposites. After treatment period the rats were estimated for diabetic functioning parameters such as glucose level, insulin level, c-peptide, HOMA-IR and cardiac functioning parameters such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, CK, LDH, MDA, NO, GSH, CAT, SOD, GST. Rats were subjected to echocardiography analysis for assessing the cardiac function. Inflammatory markers TNF-α and IL-β were estimated to analyze the anti-inflammatory property of SCP-D-P nanocomposites and it is further confirmed with histopathological analysis of cardiac tissue with H&E staining. Further we assessed the impact of SCP-D-P nanocomposites on p62/Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway which is plays a vital role in myocardiac ischemia. Our results of nanocomposite analysis depicts SCP-D-P nanocomposites is a potent nanoparticles which persuasively decreased the diabetic inducing factors, ameliorated cardiac functioning. Histological analysis clearly depicts SCP-D-P nanocomposites prevented diabetic induced cardiac tissue damage via activating p62/Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Over all our results confirms SCP-D-P nanocomposites is potent anti-diabetic, cardioprotective molecule.