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What is the Cause of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection? Contemporary Microscopic Concepts of Pathophysiology
- Source :
- International Neurourology Journal, Vol 25, Iss 3, Pp 192-201 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Korean Continence Society, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common infectious disease and are mainly caused by Escherichia coli. In this review, we introduce the current concept of recurrent UTI (rUTI) based on recent research dealing with pathophysiology of the disease. Although urine is considered sterile, recent studies dealing with microbiome have proposed different ideas. UTIs have typically been considered as extracellular infections, but recently, uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) has been shown to bind and replicate in the urothelium to make intracellular bacterial communities. Binding UPECs might proceed in many ways including extracellular expulsion for clearance or survival and quiescent intracellular reservoirs that can cause rUTI. Moreover, it is also suggested that other important factors, such as lipopolysaccharide and multimicrobial infection, can be the cause of rUTI. This review article reveals a key mechanism of recurrence and discusses what makes a pathway of resolution or recurrence in a host after initial infection.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20934777 and 20936931
- Volume :
- 25
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- International Neurourology Journal
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.2e4b8b95b7c2463a9b72a2debe92152f
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.5213/inj.2040472.236