Clinico-Pathological Profile of Adnexal Torsion Cases: A Retrospective Analysis from A Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

Introduction: Torsion of the adnexa is a rare condition which can be potentially lethal for the women. The clinical presentation can be varied and can be seen in any age group. Understanding the clinical and pathological profile of patients suffering from adenexal torsion can guide the clinicians in diagnosing and managing the condition. Objective: To analyze the clinical and pathological profile of adnexal torsion cases in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Materials and Methods: The study was a retrospective analysis of hospital records. It included all cases of adnexal torsion that underwent laprotomy between January 2007 to December 2012 in a tertiary care teaching hospital. The study was approved by the Institute’s human Ethics Committee. Results: A total of 18 patients were included in the study. Majority (66.7%) of participants were in the reproductive age group. Abdominal pain was the most common symptom seen in 77.8% of patients. The other symptoms were abdominal distension, back ache and dysuria. Majority of the women belonged to Para 2 (44.4%) and Para 3 (27.8%). The proportion of women with one and two LSCS was 11.1% and 16.7% respectively. Tenderness (38.9%), mass (22.2%) were the common per abdomen findings. Perspeculum findings were normal in majority (88.9%) of the participants. About 39.2% of the patients presented with a mass in either fornices or pouch of Douglas on pervaginal examination. The side of lesion was only on right in 9 (50%) , only left in 7(38.9%) and both sides in 2 (11.1%) of cases. On histopathological examination, of the lesions there were mucinous cystadenoma (33.3%) serous cystadenoma (16.7%) and benign cystic teratoma (16.7%) as most common lesions. Conclusion: Adnexal torsion, though a rare clinical condition can present as an emergency most of the times. High index of suspicion is required for diagnosis, as the clinical presentation can be varied. But the diagnosis can be made certain only on the operating table, either by laparoscopy. Avoiding a delay in operating upon the patient will help prevent complications, and aid in conserving the ovary.