Probiotics in fish nutrition: benefits and applicability

Probiotics play an essential role in fish nutrition, significantly contributing to their health and growth in aquaculture. By incorporating beneficial bacterial strains such as Lactobacillus and Bacillus subtilis into feed, the nutritional value of the feed is enhanced, enzymatic digestion is optimized, and pathogenic microorganisms are inhibited. Probiotics stimulate the immune response, increase intestinal microbial diversity, and have anti-mutagenic and anti-carcinogenic effects. Modern administration methods include bioencapsulation and the use of live foods, thus ensuring the probiotics' survival and effective colonization in the fish's digestive tract. Therefore, using probiotics in fish nutrition not only improves growth performance and health but also promotes sustainable and ecologically efficient aquaculture.