A systems thinking approach to address sustainability challenges to the energy sector

The energy sector is an intrinsically dynamic and complex system, and therefore its behaviour is not solely controlled by constituent components. Rather, it is a consequence of dynamic interactions among them. To properly manage such a system in a sustainable manner, it is necessary to understand the underlying dynamics of component interactions. Despite this, the interconnections between components of the energy sector in research and policy have received little attention. Here, we outline crucial limitations of previous efforts and emphasize the importance of using systems thinking in addressing the energy sector's sustainability challenges. We demonstrate this by a case study of the Australian energy sector, which has experienced emerging sustainability issues. Research findings show that current policies promoting energy development in the country are likely to be ‘fixes that fail’ that ultimately undermine sustainability. To achieve in building a sustainable energy sector, the policy must focus on implementing long-term solutions and avoid short-term quick fixes.