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Comparison of Neutralizing Activity between Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients Infected with Delta, Omicron BA.1, or Omicron BA.2 Variant

Authors :
Keun Ju Kim
Seo-Jin Park
Seung Gyu Yun
Sang Wook Kim
Myung-Hyun Nam
Eun Kyong Shin
Eun-Ah Chang
Dae Won Park
Chang Kyu Lee
Young Kyung Yoon
Yunjung Cho
Source :
Microorganisms, Vol 12, Iss 3, p 509 (2024)
Publication Year :
2024
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2024.

Abstract

Background: Understanding the immune response to evolving viral strains is crucial for evidence-informed public health strategies. The main objective of this study is to assess the influence of vaccination on the neutralizing activity of SARS-CoV-2 delta and omicron infection against various SARS-CoV-2 variants. Methods: A total of 97 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases were included. To assess the influence of vaccination on neutralizing activity, we measured the neutralizing activity of SARS-CoV-2 delta or omicron (BA.1 or BA.2) infection against wild-type (WT), delta, BA.1, and BA.2, with the results stratified based on vaccination status. Results: The neutralizing activity against the WT, delta, and omicron variants (BA.1 and BA.2) was significantly higher in the vaccinated patients than those in the unvaccinated patients. In the unvaccinated individuals infected with the delta variant, the decrease in binding to BA.1 and BA.2 was statistically significant (3.9- and 2.7-fold, respectively) compared to the binding to delta. In contrast, vaccination followed by delta breakthrough infection improved the cross-neutralizing activity against omicron variants, with only 1.3- and 1.2-fold decreases in BA.1 and BA.2, respectively. Vaccination followed by infection improved cross-neutralizing activity against WT, delta, and BA.2 variants in patients infected with the BA.1 variant, compared to that in unvaccinated patients. Conclusions: Vaccination followed by delta or BA.1 infection is associated with improved cross-neutralizing activity against different SARS-CoV-2 variants. The enhanced protection provided by breakthrough infections could have practical implications for optimizing vaccination strategies.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20762607
Volume :
12
Issue :
3
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Microorganisms
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.2b83506d27a74b45879708cd0913e047
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12030509