Waste subtracts and nutrients as ingredients for vegetation growth in construction materials – A review

The use of vegetation associated with building materials is beneficial in combating climate change, as highlighted in some articles, the power to adsorb CO2, reduce the surface temperature of materials and the aesthetic and urban landscaping benefits. This review covers the study of substrates and nutrients obtained from virgin raw materials and waste, considering using waste-based substrates and nutrients in the circular economy. On the other hand, this literature review also covers the study of vegetation types associated with building materials. Among the various types of plants, bryophytes, are a type of plant classified as non-vascular, and have been little studied so far because they are not considered economically viable. However, recent studies show that these plants, can strongly contribute to reducing CO2 emissions, justifying their relevance in this study. Therefore, it is expected that they will be more widely used in the future.