The use of Ofactory Test of Parkinson's Disease (KinPamor) in evaluation of olfactory function in Parkinson's disease

Objective To investigate the role of Ofactory Test of Parkinson's Disease (KinPamor) in the evaluation of olfactory function in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods From October 2018 to March 2021, 66 patients with PD diagnosed in General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University and The University of Hong Kong ⁃ Shenzhen Hospital were selected. Olfactory function was evaluated by Argentine Hyposmia Rating Scale and KinPamor, positive rate was compared between these two tests. The error rate of each odor in KinPamor was analyzed. Multifactor linear stepwise regression was used to analyze the linear quantitative relationship between KinPamor score and clinical data. Results The incidence of olfactory dysfunction in 66 PD patients was 92.42% (61/66) using KinPamor, higher than 25.76% (17/66) using Argentine Hyposmia Rating Scale (χ2= 40.333, P = 0.000). The difference in error rate of 12 odors of KinPamor was statistically significant (χ2= 52.049, P = 0.000). Error rate of garlic odor was lower than the other 9 odors, banana (P = 0.000), apple (P = 0.049), aniseed (P = 0.049), rose (P = 0.000), lemon (P = 0.000), mint (P = 0.049), resin (P = 0.000), camphor (P = 0.000) and wood (P = 0.000). Multifactor linear stepwise regression showed KinPamor score decreased by 0.077 points for every increasing year of age (P = 0.031). There was no linear regression relationship between male, disease course, smoking, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Ⅲ (UPDRS Ⅲ) score and KinPamor score. Conclusions KinPamor is a simple and convenient tool to screening olfactory dysfunction in PD patients, which can be used as an auxiliary test for early diagnosis of PD. Except for easily recognition of garlic odor, selective hyposmia was not found by KinPamor in PD patients.