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Exhaled Volatile Organic Compounds during Inflammation Induced by TNF-α in Ventilated Rats

Authors :
Frederic W. Albrecht
Felix Maurer
Lukas M. Müller-Wirtz
Michaela H. Schwaiblmair
Tobias Hüppe
Beate Wolf
Daniel I. Sessler
Thomas Volk
Sascha Kreuer
Tobias Fink
Source :
Metabolites, Vol 10, Iss 6, p 245 (2020)
Publication Year :
2020
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2020.

Abstract

Systemic inflammation alters the composition of exhaled breath, possibly helping clinicians diagnose conditions such as sepsis. We therefore evaluated changes in exhaled breath of rats given tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 10 each) with intravenous injections of normal saline (control), 200 µg·kg−1 bodyweight TNF-α (TNF-α-200), or 600 µg·kg−1 bodyweight TNF-α (TNF-α-600), and were observed for 24 h or until death. Animals were ventilated with highly-purified synthetic air to analyze exhaled air by multicapillary column–ion mobility spectrometry. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified from a database. We recorded blood pressure and cardiac output, along with cytokine plasma concentrations. Control rats survived the 24 h observation period, whereas mean survival time decreased to 22 h for TNF-α-200 and 23 h for TNF-α-600 rats. Mean arterial pressure decreased in TNF-α groups, whereas IL-6 increased, consistent with mild to moderate inflammation. Hundreds of VOCs were detected in exhalome. P-cymol increased by a factor-of-two 4 h after injection of TNF-α-600 compared to the control and TNF-α-200. We found that 1-butanol and 1-pentanol increased in both TNF-α groups after 20 h compared to the control. As breath analysis distinguishes between two doses of TNF-α and none, we conclude that it might help clinicians identify systemic inflammation.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
22181989
Volume :
10
Issue :
6
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Metabolites
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.28bd0c0680244896939a3a53ad8af199
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo10060245