Effect of dietary intervention on intestinal flora in diabetes mellitus rats

Objective The aim of this study was to observe the changes of glucolipid metabolic indexes and intestinal flora structure in high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, and the effect of lowfat diet on their intervention. Methods The rats fed with normal diet and high-fat diet were used as the control and model groups, respectively, and were subjected to low-fat diet intervention for 8 weeks. Body weights of all rats were recorded, orbital blood was taken from the rats to detect glucolipid metabolism indexes, and feces were retained for the detection of intestinal microbial diversity before and after the start of the experiment. Results In the experimental group, weight and LDL-C decreased significantly after the low-fat diet intervention, and the difference was statistically significant (P0.05). The phylum Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were elevated in diabetic rats, and the TM7 and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio were significantly higher after low-fat diet control. The key genera in diabetic rats were Prevotella and Bacteroides, but they changed to Ruminococc and Clostridium after the low-fat diet intervention. The key pathways of low-fat diet intervention were lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, glycosaminoglycan degradation, other glycan degradation, and sphingolipid metabolis. Conclusion Low-fat diet significantly reduces body weight and alters intestinal flora structure in diabetic rats. Low-fat diet may interfere with the progression of diabetes by altering intestinal lipid metabolic pathways.