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Tailored Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Systems by Variation of Polyelectrolyte Composition and EDC/NHS Cross-Linking: Physicochemical Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation

Authors :
Uwe Schirmer
Johanna Ludolph
Holger Rothe
Nicole Hauptmann
Christina Behrens
Eva Bittrich
Henning Schliephake
Klaus Liefeith
Source :
Nanomaterials, Vol 12, Iss 12, p 2054 (2022)
Publication Year :
2022
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2022.

Abstract

The layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly technique is an effective method to immobilize components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) such as collagen and heparin onto, e.g., implant surfaces/medical devices with the aim of forming polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs). Increasing evidence even suggests that cross-linking influences the physicochemical character of PEM films since mechanical cues inherent to the substrate may be as important as its chemical nature to influence the cellular behavior. In this study, for the first-time different collagen/heparin films have been prepared and cross-linked with EDC/NHS chemistry. Quartz crystal microbalance, zeta potential analyzer, diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and ellipsometry were used to characterize film growth, stiffness, and topography of different film systems. The analysis of all data proves a nearly linear film growth for all PEM systems, the efficacy of cross-linking and the corresponding changes in the film rigidity after cross-linking and an appropriate surface topography. Furthermore, preliminary cell culture experiments illustrated those cellular processes correlate roughly with the quantity of newly created covalent amide bonds. This allows a precise adjustment of the physicochemical properties of the selected film architecture regarding the desired application and target cells. It could be shown that collagen improves the biocompatibility of heparin containing PEMs and due to their ECM-analogue nature both molecules are ideal candidates intended to be used for any biomedical application with a certain preference to improve the performance of bone implants or bone augmentation strategies.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20794991
Volume :
12
Issue :
12
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Nanomaterials
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.26ac9928fd4148aabd2e320f6e872f32
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12122054