Comparison of the Proteome of Staphylococcus aureus Planktonic Culture and 3-Day Biofilm Reveals Potential Role of Key Proteins in Biofilm

Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci account for about 80% of infections associated with medical devices and are associated with increased virulence due to their ability to form biofilm. In this study, we aimed to construct a comprehensive reference map followed by significant pathway analysis in the proteome of S. aureus biofilm grown for 3 days compared with 24 h of planktonic culture using a high-resolution Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)-based MS. We identified proteins associated with secondary metabolites, ABC transporters, biosynthesis of amino acids, and response to stress, and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism were significantly upregulated in 3-day biofilm. In contrast, proteins associated with virulence factors, microbial metabolism in diverse environments, secondary metabolites, translation, and energy metabolism were significantly downregulated. GO functional annotation indicated that more proteins are involved in metabolic processes, catalytic activity, and binding in biofilm, respectively. Among the significantly dysregulated proteins, hyaluronidase (hysA) in conjunction with chitinase may play a significant role in the elimination and/or prevention of biofilm development. This study advances the understanding of the S. aureus subproteome, identifying potential pathways significant to biofilm biology. The insights gained may aid in developing new therapeutic strategies, including antibiofilm agents, for treating biofilm-related infections associated with implantable medical devices.