Comparison of the content of active ingredients and antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities in different parts of Fructus Choerospondiatis

Abstract Fructus Choerospondiatis (FC) has been utilized in Mongolian medicine for the treatment of many diseases. This investigation assessed the coloration, five active components, total phenolic and flavonol contents, as well as the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of different parts of FC from eight cultivars, and the optimal cultivar was identified to determine the anti-inflammatory capacity of all parts. The findings revealed that L* and b* values of the dried peel powder were the highest and the a* value of whole fruit powder was the highest. The concentrations of gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, total phenols, and total flavonoids exhibited a positive correlation with antioxidant activity. A comprehensive analysis revealed that the peel contained a greater abundance of active compounds and exhibited stronger antioxidant and antibacterial properties compared to other parts. RPNO.1 can be used as the source of high-quality FC for clinical application. In vivo anti-inflammatory experiments indicated that both the flesh and peel of RPNO.1 displayed the highest anti-inflammatory effect. This research not only addressed the gap in studies regarding FC’ s anti-inflammatory properties but also proved that the peel of FC, which was often discarded, had utilization value and could be used as a medicinal herb.