A systematic review of various types of conventional and modern diabetic foot ulcer surgeries and their outcomes: A beginners digest

Background: The diabetic foot constitutes one of the major diabetes-related morbidity. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a disastrous consequence of the illness's course and are brought on by peripheral neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, immunosuppression, and loss of glycemic control. Chronic ulcers must be treated surgically to prevent recurrences in cases with DFU. Every surgeon has to deal with this condition from very early in his career. Objectives: To investigate the various forms of traditional and modern DFU procedures and their consequences, this study can provide very fruitful guidance to the surgeons. Methods: In this study, we searched Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus from 2013 to 2023. The inclusion criteria were patients with DFUs, and patients with a known history of diabetes mellitus (type I or type II); the parameters included in the study were the occurrence of adverse responses, the rate of amputation, fatalities, recurrence rate and some other indications. Using the review manager (RevMan version 5.4), the risk of bias evaluation was done in this study, with risk assessment domains classified as high, unclear, or low risk. To check for biases for example reporting bias, performance bias, attrition bias, selection bias, etc., a recommended approach was used. Results: The current review included 8 studies in total, with a total of 888 cases of DFUs. A recurrence rate of 24.51% was noted for the entire patient population. The recurrences noted in none of the three investigations. Overall mortality was 14.26%, according to three investigations. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the patients treated with surgery show a lower recurrence rate of DFU as compared to the patients treated with only drug treatment. It is crucial to implement a new surgical treatment for DFUs to increase their success rate. A recently developed treatment program utilizing a multidisciplinary team approach and cooperation with referral hospitals is urgently required to improve the outcomes of DFU.