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Gut Microbiota and Associated Mucosal Immune Response in Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA)

Authors :
Elena Niccolai
Alessandra Bettiol
Simone Baldi
Elena Silvestri
Leandro Di Gloria
Federica Bello
Giulia Nannini
Federica Ricci
Maria Nicastro
Matteo Ramazzotti
Augusto Vaglio
Gianluca Bartolucci
Giacomo Emmi
Amedeo Amedei
Domenico Prisco
Source :
Biomedicines, Vol 10, Iss 6, p 1227 (2022)
Publication Year :
2022
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2022.

Abstract

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is an anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis. A genome-wide association study showed a correlation between ANCA-negative EGPA and variants of genes encoding proteins with intestinal barrier functions, suggesting that modifications of the mucosal layer and consequent gut dysbiosis might be involved in EGPA pathogenesis. Here, we characterized the gut microbiota (GM) composition and the intestinal immune response in a cohort of EGPA patients. Faeces from 29 patients and 9 unrelated healthy cohabitants were collected, and GM and derived metabolites’ composition were compared. Seven intestinal biopsies from EGPA patients with gastrointestinal manifestations were analysed to assess the T-cell distribution and its correlation with GM and EGPA clinical and laboratory features. No significant differences in GM composition, nor in the total amount of faecal metabolites, emerged between patients and controls. Nevertheless, differences in bacterial taxa abundances and compositional GM-derived metabolites profile were observed. Notably, an enrichment of potential pathobionts (Enterobacteriacee and Streptococcaceae) was found in EGPA, particularly in patients with active disease, while lower levels were found in patients on immunosuppression, compared with non-immunosuppressed ones. Significantly lower amounts of hexanoic acid were found in patients, compared to controls. The analysis of the immune response in the gut mucosa revealed a high frequency of IFN-γ/IL-17-producing T lymphocytes, and a positive correlation between EGPA disease activity and intestinal T-cell levels. Our data suggest that an enrichment in potential intestinal pathobionts might drive an imbalanced inflammatory response in EGPA.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
22279059
Volume :
10
Issue :
6
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Biomedicines
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.24d1b8c35c524e3e9c00d69690b7bd24
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10061227