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Hypersensitivity Reactions to Monoclonal Antibodies in Children

Authors :
Francesca Mori
Francesca Saretta
Annamaria Bianchi
Giuseppe Crisafulli
Silvia Caimmi
Lucia Liotti
Paolo Bottau
Fabrizio Franceschini
Claudia Paglialunga
Giampaolo Ricci
Angelica Santoro
Carlo Caffarelli
Source :
Medicina, Vol 56, Iss 5, p 232 (2020)
Publication Year :
2020
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2020.

Abstract

Biologic drugs are widely used in pediatric medicine. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in particular are a therapeutic option for rheumatic, autoinflammatory and oncologic diseases. Adverse drug reactions and hypersensitivity reactions (HSR) to mAbs may occur in children. Clinical presentation of HSRs to mAbs can be classified according to phenotypes in infusion-related reactions, cytokine release syndrome, both alpha type reactions and type I (IgE/non-IgE), type III, and type IV reactions, all beta-type reactions. The aim of this review is to focus on HSRs associated with the most frequent mAbs in childhood, with particular attention to beta-type reactions. When a reaction to mAbs is suspected a diagnostic work-up including in-vivo and in-vitro testing should be performed. A drug provocation test is recommended only when no alternative drugs are available. In selected patients with immediate IgE-mediated drug allergy a desensitization protocol is indicated. Despite the heavy use of mAbs in childhood, studies evaluating the reliability of diagnostic test are lacking. Although desensitization may be effective in reducing the risk of reactions in children, standardized pediatric protocols are still not available.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
56050232, 16489144, and 1010660X
Volume :
56
Issue :
5
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Medicina
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.22a646b4cec6452cbf5a75731586c5ec
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56050232