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PM2.5 Exposure as a Risk Factor for Optic Nerve Health in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Authors :
Tianyi Yuan
Minna Cheng
Yingyan Ma
Haidong Zou
Haidong Kan
Xia Meng
Yi Guo
Ziwei Peng
Yi Xu
Lina Lu
Saiguang Ling
Zhou Dong
Yuheng Wang
Qinping Yang
Wenli Xu
Yan Shi
Cong Liu
Senlin Lin
Source :
Toxics, Vol 12, Iss 11, p 767 (2024)
Publication Year :
2024
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2024.

Abstract

(1) Objective: This study investigated the relationship between long-term particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure and optic disc parameters—vertical cup-to-disc ratio (vCDR), vertical optic disc diameter (vDD), and vertical optic cup diameter (vCD)—in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). (2) Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from 65,750 T2DM patients in the 2017–2018 Shanghai Cohort Study of Diabetic Eye Disease (SCODE). Optic disc parameters were extracted from fundus images, and PM2.5 exposure was estimated using a random forest model incorporating satellite and meteorological data. Multivariate linear regression models were applied, adjusting for confounders including age, gender, body mass index, blood pressure, glucose, time of T2DM duration, smoking, drinking, and physical exercise. (3) Results: A 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure was associated with significant reductions in vCDR (−0.008), vDD (−42.547 μm), and vCD (−30.517 μm) (all p-values < 0.001). These associations persisted after sensitivity analyses and adjustments for other pollutants like O3 and NO2. (4) Conclusions: Long-term PM2.5 exposure is associated with detrimental changes in optic disc parameters in patients with T2DM, suggesting possible optic nerve atrophy. Considering the close relationship between the optic nerve and the central nervous system, these findings may also reflect broader neurodegenerative processes.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
23056304
Volume :
12
Issue :
11
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Toxics
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.1fbe65e7416c4f0298a331faf5724a93
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12110767