Novel multifunctional two layer catalytic activated titanium electrodes for various technological and environmental processes

In this review article different systems of dimensionally stable electrodes (DSEs) are presented with an emphasis on the application of catalytic activated titanium electrodes with a double layer platinum-group of metals (PGMs). The role of platinum metals mixed oxides (RuO2, IrO2, TiO2) as excellent catalysts on the surface of dimensionally stable anodes (DSAs) and a wide area of their application in various technological processes such as electrochemical engineering, wastewater treatment, degradation of pollutants, crotonaldehyde hydrogenation and fuel cells development has also been discussed. A method of forming new electrodes by using aqueous solutions of PGM chlorides which are placed on the surface of titanium substrate is also shown in this work. Very good bonding properties between the layers and the substrate contribute to the long working period of the above mentioned electrodes. One of the possible processes of surface modification of the new titanium DSAs could be the alloying of the above mentioned platinum metals on specific catalyst supports at low temperatures for the reaction of hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde. The application of DSAs could enable lower power consumption for obtaining copper and other heavy metals using electrolysis and could give cleaner deposits. On the other hand, to remove copper and other heavy metals from mining wastewater using electrolysis results in less environmental pollution.