Effect of glycerol monolaurate nanocapsules on Streptococcus mutans biofilm in vitro

This study aimed to prepare and apply nanocapsules containing glycerol monolaurate for eradicating Streptococcus mutans biofilms. The interfacial deposition method of the preformed polymer synthesized the nanocapsules characterized for mean diameter, polydispersity index, zeta potential, pH, and morphology by transmission electron microscopy. The microdilution method investigated antimicrobial activity. Crystal violet staining determined biomass quantification and the ability to inhibit biofilm formation. The study also measured exopolysaccharide production and the number of viable colonies. The characterization outcomes indicated acceptable values for the mean diameter 198.1 ± 2, a polydispersity index of 0.087 ± 0.018, a zeta potential of -21.30 ± 2.00 mV, a pH of 6.19 ± 0.12, and typical nanostructure morphology. The evaluations of minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of glycerol monolaurate (free and nanoencapsulated) revealed their ineffectiveness in inhibiting microorganisms. Only free glycerol monolaurate inhibits S. mutans growth with 125 µg/mL. Biomass, exopolysaccharide content, and viable colonies in the biofilm were analyzed to assess the compounds' ability to inhibit biofilm formation. The tested compounds did not significantly reduce the formed biofilm. Despite unfavorable outcomes of the formulated preparation, further experimentation with a new formulation is encouraged to explore alternative strategies and potential improvements.