Preparation and characterization of coal fly ash reinforced polymer composites: An overview

Energy and environmental protection are two major problems that are faced by the current generation. Coal has been utilized traditionally as a source of electricity globally. However, more ash is generated from the combustion of coal which is carried by gases and precipitated into fly ash. The main problem with fly ash is that, if it is not properly disposed it may cause pollution(s) in the water and soil, which in turn disturb ecological cycle and have negative impact on the environment. Based on the above statement(s), more efforts have been done to recycle fly ash or its utilization for advanced applications. One of the preferred methods for recycling fly ash, is to incorporate it in polymer matrices in order to improve the strength of polymer matrices for advanced applications. Fly ash has been utilized as a reinforcing filler for various polymer matrices due to its high strength and low cost. This review paper discusses different fabrication methods for fly ash/polymer matrices composites. The effect of particle size, modification, synergy of fly ash with other fillers reinforced polymer matrices on the mechanical properties are discussed. Furthermore, there is an in-depth discussion about the specific applications of fly ash reinforced with different polymer matrices. There is also a discussion based on the fly ash/fiber/polymer hybrid composites in relation to the preparation method and mechanical properties, since hybrid systems are known for better properties than single fillers.