The Monstrosity of Knowledge: Mary Shelley’s Symbolic Encounter with The Enlightenment and Industrialisation in 'Frankenstein'

Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus (1818) stands as a seminal work within the realm of English gothic literature. Infused with the spirit of the Romantic movement, Mary Shelley skillfully explores the clashes between nature and culture. This article delves into the evolution of language games during the early nineteenth century, tracing the shift from denotative and perspective-oriented language games to technical language games where the efficiency of objects and knowledge takes precedence. Shelley, in her narrative, challenges the unquestioned authority of knowledge and human reason, rejecting the notion that Reason alone can be the source of human bliss. Instead, the novel consistently highlights the shortcomings of human Reason in addressing the characters’ needs. Entrapped by the deceptive allure of man’s Reason, Frankenstein inadvertently brings forth a monstrous creation that wreaks havoc upon his life and the lives of others. Notably, Frankenstein’s monster serves as a symbolic embodiment of Enlightenment ideals. Shelley proposes an alternative solution rooted in a return to nature and human emotions, positing that these elements can offer genuine happiness and delight to humanity. The novel unfolds as a critical examination of the Enlightenment era and the dominance of technical language games. Additionally, her portrayal of nature complicates the human/nature relationship, problematising the proposed return to a more harmonious coexistence.