An electrochemical biosensor based on β-cyclodextrin modified electrode to determine Paclitaxel as an important agent in treatment of breast cancer

Breast cancer is a severe global health issue that necessitates the development of dependable and sensitive technology for identifying the drugs used in its treatment. The present work aimed to evaluate the efficacy of paclitaxel (PTX) as a breast cancer treatment by fabricating composites of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and β-cyclodextrin modified glassy carbon electrode (β-CD/CNT/GCE) for electrochemical sensing. FTIR, SEM, XPS, and XRD structural and chemical analyses demonstrated the effectiveness of the β-CD grafting onto CNT. Electrochemical studies using amperometry and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques showed that combining β-CD and CNTs in a nanocomposite improves the PTX sensor's sensitivity and selectivity while enhancing the benefits of each component separately. With a detection limit of 1.7 nM and a linear range of 5–1060 μM, the sensor's sensitivity of 0.8418 μA/μM and strong electrochemical response between the β-CD/CNT/GCE and PTX were demonstrated. Urine samples from a group of volunteers were collected to evaluate the PTX detection accuracy of the proposed sensor. The results showed respectable precision with a relative standard deviation of less than 4.72 % and significant recovery values greater than 96.00 %. This invention advances the field of personalised medicine and has wider implications for clinical diagnostics and pharmaceutical analysis.