Pesticides toxicity in fish: Histopathological and hemato-biochemical aspects – A review

Pesticides are from the potent chemical contaminants in aquatic environment. These chemicals are routed into the aquatic environment through several natural and anthropogenic activities. Pesticides toxicity adversely affect growth, physiology, reproduction, immunity, hemato-biochemical profile and induce serious histopathological alterations of several tissues of aquatic organisms including fish. From the aforementioned effects, histopathological and hemato-biochemical parameters serve as important biomarkers of aquatic contamination resulted from pesticides. Pesticides are major concern around the world as they can bioaccumulate into different fish tissues which will consequently result in serious health concern for the consumers. Therefore, searching out of ecofriendly, effective, and suitable alternatives of pesticides is important to protect the aquatic ecosystems as well as health status of several aquatic living organisms especially fish. In this context, the present review depicts several histopathological and hemato-biochemical alterations resulted from pesticide toxicity. It also highlights the possible methods for diminishing the negative effects of pesticides on fish to ensure healthy aquatic environment for fish farming.