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The Roles of NFR2-Regulated Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Quality Control in Chronic Liver Diseases

Authors :
Jeong-Su Park
Nodir Rustamov
Yoon-Seok Roh
Source :
Antioxidants, Vol 12, Iss 11, p 1928 (2023)
Publication Year :
2023
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2023.

Abstract

Chronic liver disease (CLD) affects a significant portion of the global population, leading to a substantial number of deaths each year. Distinct forms like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease (ALD), though they have different etiologies, highlight shared pathologies rooted in oxidative stress. Central to liver metabolism, mitochondria are essential for ATP production, gluconeogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and heme synthesis. However, in diseases like NAFLD, ALD, and liver fibrosis, mitochondrial function is compromised by inflammatory cytokines, hepatotoxins, and metabolic irregularities. This dysfunction, especially electron leakage, exacerbates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), augmenting liver damage. Amidst this, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) emerges as a cellular protector. It not only counters oxidative stress by regulating antioxidant genes but also maintains mitochondrial health by overseeing autophagy and biogenesis. The synergy between NRF2 modulation and mitochondrial function introduces new therapeutic potentials for CLD, focusing on preserving mitochondrial integrity against oxidative threats. This review delves into the intricate role of oxidative stress in CLD, shedding light on innovative strategies for its prevention and treatment, especially through the modulation of the NRF2 and mitochondrial pathways.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20763921
Volume :
12
Issue :
11
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Antioxidants
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.1ab36328f7948a5991786376ea2552e
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12111928