Multi-cell multi-user downlink beam forming design considering transceiver impairment

Multi-cell multi-user downlink beamforming schemes considering transceiver impairments were developed,with the objective of minimizing the maximum mean square error (MSE) and the sum of MSE of all users.The optimiza-tion problem was transformed into a second-order cone programming(SOCP) standard form,and a hierarchical iterative algorithm was developed to solve the original problem.Compared with the traditional beamforming methods developed for ideal transceivers,numerical results show that our proposed optimization algorithms greatly reduce the impact of im-pairments and improve the system performance.